The child was found in Hellmonsödt, Austria, in a wooden coffin inside a crypt for the Counts of Starhemberg. It belonged to an upper-class family of the 17th century, one of the oldest aristocratic families in the country. Researchers from Germany’s Academic Clinic Munich-Bogenhausen determined that the boy was likely Reichard Wilhelm, who died in 1625 or 1626.
The crypt contained several members of the family. All of them were buried in ornate metal coffins—except for the toddler, whose simple wood casket was unmarked. What led to the child’s demise at such a young age? Read on to find out what the scientists discovered.
1 CT Scan Provided Identity
According to the study, published this week in the journal Frontiers in Medicine, the boy’s body was well-preserved and had become mummified, allowing researchers to analyze its soft tissue. To do this, they used a CT scanner.
Meanwhile, radiocarbon dating allowed scientists to pinpoint when he had lived. “According to our data, the infant was most probably [the count’s] firstborn son after erection of the family crypt, so special care may have been applied,” said Andreas Nerlich, the study’s lead author.
2 Scan Also Provided Clues About Illness
The research team studied the child’s teeth and measured his bones, which indicated he was between 12 months and 18 months old when he died. The boy had dark hair and was overweight for his age, suggesting he was well-fed.
However, the CT scan revealed that his ribs were deformed, indicating a metabolic bone disease. They had developed in a pattern called a “rachitic rosary,” a condition in which knobs of bone develop at the junction of ribs and cartilage. It’s usually seen in severe cases of rickets or scurvy. The scan also revealed inflammation of the lungs characteristic of pneumonia.
3 Despite Being Overweight, Child Was Still Malnourished
To the researchers, this indicated that although the toddler had been fed enough to put on plenty of weight, he was still malnourished. They suggest he developed a vitamin D deficiency after being kept inside and away from sunlight.
Rickets is primarily caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, and a vitamin D deficiency has been associated with several serious illnesses, including respiratory diseases. The scientists concluded that the child had died of pneumonia, and his nutritional deficiency may have been a contributing factor.
4 “Complete Lack of Sunlight Exposure”
The scientists noted that in the 17th century, members of the upper class avoided sunlight. Pale skin was considered desirable and a mark of wealth—only laborers developed tans from toiling in the sun. ae0fcc31ae342fd3a1346ebb1f342fcb
“The combination of obesity along with a severe vitamin deficiency can only be explained by a generally ‘good’ nutritional status along with an almost complete lack of sunlight exposure,” said Nerlich. “We have to reconsider the living conditions of high aristocratic infants of previous populations.”
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5 Experts Warn Against Vitamins C and D Deficiency Today
“This is only one case, but as we know that the early infant death rates generally were very high at that time, our observations may have considerable impact in the overall life reconstruction of infants even in higher social classes,” said Nerlich.
Today, experts have advised Americans to get plenty of vitamins C and D. Being deficient in either or both can depress the immune system, a particular concern during the COVID pandemic. While vitamin C deficiency is rare in the U.S., most Americans don’t get enough vitamin D, which is produced by the body in response to sun exposure. That’s why some experts urge daily vitamin D supplementation.
